World Wild foundation advertisement Research Paper

World Wild foundation advertisement - Research Paper Example It is virtually in all areas of society. Nonetheless, violence is highly depicted in advertisements, from advertising household commodities to industrial machinery. In addition, violence is not only expressed physically, it is also expressed socially and psychologically. All these forms of violence are exhibited through advertisements. Nonetheless, media stakeholders have tried dealing with this issue (Hamilton, 1998). This paper will consider violence in relation to advertisement and how it affects children and women. The significance of violence in television interference impact is highlighted by proof that violence is common in television programs. Nonetheless, while some advertisers avoid programs containing violent content, other advertisers do not air violent programs. Bushman conducted research on the impact of a violent content on memory for advertisements not containing violence. Bushman concluded that while violent television programs may cause enraged thoughts, this may af fect the processing of nonviolent advertisement programs. Violent advertising affect memory of individuals, mostly children and women. ... Also, violence is mostly recalled when a person is placed in a violent environment. An explanation for this is that violence in a violent environment makes violence associated concepts more within reach (National Television Violence Study 2, 1998). The attack on the Twin Towers instigated negative impact on the economy of the country and also had a tremendous effect on world economies. Therefore, advertisements related to the Twin Towers have negative effects to women and children. The analysis of the World Wild foundation advertisement takes into account children and women as the targets of the advertisement. This considers the objective of the advertisement and the view of the advertising content or intention of the advertiser. The analysis also looks at the children and women as advertising resource. This can stimulate impacts at the level of thought, behavioral or affective level. The analysis also may refer to women and children as receivers of advertising. This notion is linked with the habits and behavior of intake of advertising by the women and children (National Television Violence Study 2, 1998). The World Wild foundation advertisement does not consider women and children viewers of the advertisement. This is because there is a person pointing a gun at a child. This will make women and children have a negative view of the advertisement. This is because children will view themselves as targets of violence and women will have a negative attitude due to their care giving nature. The city of New Jersey lost the largest number of people after New York City. Over 90 different nations lost nationals in the World Trade Centre attacks. Additionally, there were two individuals who were listed in the official death number. This was

The U.S. economy Essay Example for Free

The U.S. economy Essay and one that some economic analysts say may persist for at least another year. The unemployment rate has risen to levels not seen in over 20 years. The current unemployment rate is at 8% and is expected to rise further. The inflation rate is -2. 4 percent, meaning that overall, prices are falling. Recommendation Currently our economy is in deep recession and one of the challenges we have is the unemployment rate, which has risen to levels not seen in over 20 years. The current unemployment rate is at 8% and is expected to rise further. Also we have one more challenge of inflation of -2. 4 percent – it means that our economy is in deflation as overall prices are reducing. After having a detail discussion with my colleagues, economic consultants and economic advisors I have following recommendation for President of the United States to bring the economy back on track:- I believe and agree with my colleagues â€Å"Raymond Burke† and â€Å"Allison Tanney† advice that Government/Congress should use Expansionary fiscal policy along with Expansionary monetary policy. This will be accomplished by increasing aggregate expenditures and aggregate demand through an increase in government spending (both government purchases and transfer payments) or a decrease in taxes. I also agree with by colleague â€Å"Patricia Lopez† that Fed should leave interest rates alone, but strongly sell bonds and raise the bank reserve requirement. This will increase the money supply and decrease interest rates. This is accomplished by buying U. S. Treasury securities in the open market, lowering the discount rate, and reducing reserve requirements. In these difficult economic times, I would recommend that the President should increase in government purchases, a decrease in taxes, and/or an increase in transfer payments to close a recessionary gap, stimulate the economy, and decrease the unemployment rate. I disagree with the colleague â€Å"Kathy Lee† that the President should consider to raise taxes and reducing government spending, since this will have negative impact on our current economy as this will not help us to control unemployment. Finally, I recommend the President to use Expansionary fiscal policy along expansionary monetary policy to help our economy to recovery current deep recession.

The Chrysalids, by John Wyndham :: essays research papers

The Chrysalids, by John Wyndham Background: John Wyndham, born in 1903, tried more than four careers before starting to write short stories in 1925. The Chrysalids was written in 1955. Outline of the Book: Thousands of years after our time, the world faced something known as Tribulation, when civilization was almost completely wiped out and had to be started over, with new rules and laws. Humans beings born as â€Å"deviants†, missing an attribute that normal humans would have, is considered a blasphemy towards God. David, a young man whose father is in charge of seeking out deviants in his community, discovered that he, along with a few other young adults, can communicate to one another through their minds and what they call â€Å"thought shapes†. For a long while they’ve hidden their secret talents, but as rules get tighter and tighter they know it’s only a matter of time until they’re discovered. Theme(s): tolerance, religion Criticisms (Unfavourable): Near the end of the book the dialogue becomes more rhetorical than the rest of the book. This isn’t really a problem, but can become slightly confusing at times. The best option would be to read this part slowly and carefully in order to understand what the message is. Criticisms (Favourable): Very original, intelligent plot. Well-written characters that aren’t two dimensional and who make human decisions (David’s father, who may seem like a cruel man but who is really just doing what he was brought up to believe is right). Comparison: â€Å"The House of the Scorpion†, â€Å"The Stepford Wives† (book) These two books also deal with people who are not as â€Å"real† as typical human beings, such as robots or clones Quotations: â€Å"Clearly there must be a mistake somewhere. Surely having one very small toe extra—well, two very small toes, because I supposed there would be one to match on the other foot—surely that couldn’t be enough to make her ‘hateful in the sigh of God†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢?

Book Club Novel Study vs. Conventional Core Novel Study

Book Club Novel Study vs. Conventional Core Novel Study Although the Book Club approach and the conventional novel study approach are group discussion oriented, the Book Club method is a more efficient way of extracting thorough analysis from multiple perspectives. In the Book Club approach, students are forced to read because we are constantly being evaluated. During discussions, the teacher is always walking around evaluating groups.My group especially was always prepared because of the fear of not getting a good mark due to being unprepared. The fact that we are constantly being evaluated develops pressure on the students, which forces them to prepare for the discussion the night before. Preparing the night before allows for a more in depth analysis. If everyone is prepared with notes and questions the discussion will be much more interesting because everyone brings something to the table.Which in essence allows a much more effective and efficient discussion. However, with the con ventional approach you have majority of the classroom not participating and not being involved in the discussions. In last year’s English class, there were a set number of students who were always participated and then the majority of the class not effectively participating. Because the traditional method is a more broad discussion and there aren’t specific roles for students to carry out students are not pressured to be prepared.I can use myself as an example, last year there would be times I wouldn't read the sections assigned and because of this I found myself not participating and engaging in class discussions. The Book Club approach consists of continuous evaluation and a certain set of tasks like discussion leading that force students to consistently engage in discussions. The evaluation creates pressure, causing students to be prepared and contribute during scheduled conferences. On the other hand, the traditional method of novel study is not as effective.The st udents are not pressured because they feel as if they are not being evaluated on a regular basis. So students take advantage of this and feel their input is not necessary and rest of the class will carry their weight. To conclude, both approaches involve students participating and engaging in a group discussion but the Book Club approach has a higher efficiency in terms of each students input during discussions in comparison to the conventional core study.

Representations of Men in Advertising

What is a man? This question may be odd to hear, but it's a question that is answered constantly by advertisers in print ads and television commercials, all with different approaches. But he question the advertises are asking is â€Å"What images of men will sell my product? â€Å". There is the image of the rebel, the masculine heroes, the violent or aggressive man, or the classic ‘Gentleman'. In recent years we see advertisers moving closer towards the image of the ‘modern man'. The modern man, also known as the metro-sexual man, can be defined as well groomed, health and body conscious, and well dressed. The deconstruction of the two advertisements, Ralph Lauren and Michelob Ultra, accentuate this image and show its influence on the male audience. The Michelob Ultra advertisement preys on the modern mans body image perceptions, and uses them to create a desire for their product. The ad depicts an athletic swimmer, of whom we are to believe consumes the product, getting out of the pool, a picture of the product, and the heading â€Å"Lose the Carbs. Not the taste†. The caption â€Å"†¦ this is your fountain of youth† insinuates that this product will keep you healthy youthful, while being able to enjoy alcohol. There is a famous quote from Edgar A. Schoaff that reads, â€Å"Advertising is the art of making whole lies, out of half truths†. This ad from Michelob is a perfect example of this. In reality, the beer still contains carbs, almost the same amount as regular beer, but using an almost irrelevant idea of low carbs and transforming it into a, for lack of a better term, ‘healthy' beer. This misleading idea forces easily persuaded body conscious males to believe in their product. Ultimately, this kind of advertising manipulates males thoughts and plants false images of an unattainable body. The ‘modern man' look has grown increasingly more popular due to advertisers push to make men obsessing over their own body image. The advertisement for Ralph Lauren targets these image wise men and positions themselves as the ‘right' image. The ad is almost completely in black and white, with just the brand name, â€Å"Ralph Lauren† standing out in the background. The contrast makes for a striking and eye catching advertisement, with a hint of panache. It depicts three young men hurdling over a tennis net, boasting their clothes and style. Thre three men are racing, playing off men's stereotypical competitiveness and pursuit to be the best. The ad suggests that Ralph Lauren will help you get there. David Foster Wallace sums this up with his quote, â€Å"It did what all ads are supposed to do: create an anxiety relievable by purchase†. The anxiety is the endeavour to be the best and the brand will help you in that objective. Therefore, this ad boasts itself as an image of what the modern man should strive for. As a result of the many advertising archetypes presented and beliefs about normalcy, young men are growing up being bombarded by different representations and images of males and find it impossible to not fall victim of them. Young men are often enticed to emulate what they see on the television, hear on the radio or read on a newspaper ad. The allure of the lifestyle presented in advertising is most often great enough to coax the consumer to buy into it. These facts are supported by the aforementioned advertisements. Both similar in regards to target audiences, and give impressions of the modern man. One of perfect body aspirations, and the other a pursuit for the perfect look. But both simultaneously give people ambitions to be the modern man.

Church management Essay Example

Church management Essay Example Church management Essay Church management Essay Abstraction My proposal is to supply you with an Integrated Parish Management Solution which will synchronise all direction processes including attending records. church activities records. fiscal records. rank personal informations etc. The demand for a customized Integrated Parish Management Solution for the Church can non be over emphatic because the solution will be tailored in work outing your church’s alone demands. The Incorporate Solution would present a individual database incorporating informations for the different package faculties to be developed. The faculties that would be developed are: ?Financial Faculty -Manage Contributions. Search Cash Expenses. Manage Offering Types. etc. ?Church Activity Module-Would provide the functionality of Searching Past Activities. New Church Activity. Testimonies. New testimony. Manage Activity Types etc. ?Membership and People Management Module – Would supply the functionality of Searching for Parish members. new members. Membership by Type. New Converts. Search for First-Timers. etc. ?Groups and Department Module – Would Pull off Groups. Manage Departments Activities. etc. ?Report Faculty -would give Attendance study. Fiscal Report. Membership Detail Report. etc. We are cognizant that your fold members are your most valuable assets and purpose to guarantee that you are able to supply them with that personal and intimate attention required for deep committedness and trueness on the portion of the parishioners. Our solution aims to help the church in the undermentioned countries: Membership Personal Information Management Church public presentation analysis and Coverage Easy Access to All Information about Every Individual Reducing Membership Outflow Building Enduring Personal relationship with the Members Solve all Record Keeping Issues Manage All Financial Records Visual and Graphic Illustration of the Church Performance Per Time High Security and Back Up Strategy Effective Follow-up system for new Converts and First -timers We propose to deploy a robust Integrated Church direction Solution. This solution will concentrate chiefly on incorporating all cardinal Church direction procedures and will ensue in ultimate member satisfaction with your services by supplying a fast and efficient rank follow-up scheme. This is why our Integrated Parish Management Solution is designed to help you to efficaciously tackle information about your Members. Curates. Workers. all Department and Group in the church. and other resources which should interpret to better Background Today. even with the digital transmutation that the universe is undergoing. legion churches still use manual record maintaining systems. Every record get downing with members’ inside informations all the manner to the really delicate fiscal inside informations are kept manually. A instance survey conducted at King’ong’o PCEA parish at Nyeri prove that churches are still in the parallel universe despite the chase of the word to the digital highs. The church is an of all time turning entity. More people are converted and more kids are born into Christian places. Gone are the yearss when curates. shepherds. priests. bishops and the likes knew each and every member of his church personally. Churchs are no longer merely families. grades are offered. histories are kept. people are wedded and the public assistance of members is accompanied to. Imagine what a professional football squad would be like without a regimen of pattern drills? Now take away their playbook and participant statistics. What you have in this utmost scenario are extremely talented ( and possibly overpaid ) persons take parting in organized pandemonium. They might really win a game or two. but in the long tally. this squad is doomed. This illustration is to drive place the point of why any organisation demands to analyze the being and effectivity of its direction systems. The universe is going Information and technologically based. For this ground. Management Systems have been introduced into assorted industries runing from the educational to the wellness sector and even into agribusiness amongst other things. A direction Information System is a system to change over informations from internal and external beginnings into information. in an appropriate signifier. to direction at all degrees in all maps to enable them to do timely and effectual determinations for planning. directing and commanding the activities for which they are response. The Church is non excluded from these industries. The Church Management and Information System is a system for churches to pull off their operations expeditiously and consistently ( Wikipedia. 2012 ) . It is besides a specialised package that assists churches in organisation and mechanization of day-to-day operations. Current System King’ong’o PCEA uses a to the full manual system of maintaining all its records. Fiscal records. which need a batch of transparence and answerability. are kept in manus written paperss. A batch of minutess affecting money are carried out by the parish. For case. pull offing contributions from church members and sympathizers. pull offing offerings and tithes by members. seeking and pull offing hard currency disbursals by the church etc. All the fiscal inside informations are kept manually which is cumbrous and prone to errors. Defects can easy happen with this system doing it non dependable ad naming for a redress. The church besides needs to maintain path of activities that take topographic point in the church every twenty-four hours. For case. seeking past activities by the parish. freshly integrated church activities. testimonies. new testimonies. pull offing activity types etc. Other things besides need record maintaining like pull offing people and the issue of rank to the church. In this instance. records for new members. new converts. First-timers etc. necessitate to be kept. With the bing system. seeking the records is cumbrous and time-consuming. Records of groups and sections associating to the church ought to be maintained for the benefit of the church. Department activities need to be decently recorded and updated consequently and retrieved as per the church direction demands. Retrieval of these records is difficult since they are kept in files in written paperss. Recovering a record involves perusing through a immense figure of files. A batch of clip is wasted recovering manual records. Reports need to be kept and retrieved as per the demands of church directors. For case. attending studies for church members. fiscal studies after a certain sum of clip. rank inside informations study etc. Reports for the bing system involves traveling through relevant records manually and coming up with the needed studies. This is cumbrous and time-wasting. Proposed system A package system is proposed to replace the manual system for maintaining records. A fiscal faculty is used to automatize fiscal record maintaining and retrieval. A database is used to hive away fiscal inside informations of the parish. An interface is provided for interacting with the database whereby a user can compose into the database and they can question the database as per their demands. Financial information maintaining is made easy through this package solution and besides seeking of fiscal inside informations made even more easier through the proposed package. Through an Activity faculty. day-to-day activities in the church are stored in a database which is updated to encompass new activities. A platform for pass oning to the database is offered where the user ( authorized ) interacts with the database ( writes into the database and queries the database ) . With the new system. activities in the church are recorded in database tabular arraies and can ever be retrieved with their several day of the months via questions. A batch of valuable clip is saved through the new system. Departments are automated utilizing a section faculty. This faculty offers an interface for come ining inside informations of involvement into the database. Since departmental inside informations are of premier importance in every bit far as the church is concerned. proper inside informations associating to the Parish ought to be kept and retrieved with easiness. The user hunts records associating to a section of involvement with a batch of easiness through the interface provided by the departments’ faculty. The awkwardness with the manual system would therefore be alleviated by the proposed package solution. Report coevals with the proposed system is automated ( made alarmingly easy ) through the Report faculty. This is done through incorporating database SQL capabilities into the package. Fiscal studies. activity studies etc. can be generated through merely pressing a button which will give prompts to the user on the studies they want. The tyre and the ennui associated with perusing through records to pull a study are wholly eradicated through the proposed package solution. The assorted faculties defined with different functionalities are integrated to organize a harmoniously and efficaciously working package to go to the manual job of maintaining Parish records. Problem statement Keeping records manually is utterly cumbersome since it involves handwriting or typing every item of involvement. Managing physical records is cumbrous since storage infinite is needed and they can be affected by natural fortunes such as plagues and unfavourable environment. Additionally. roll uping studies for physical ( manual ) records is non an easy undertaking since it involves walking through all records and pulling information of involvement. A batch of forces is needed to maintain records for the different church sections and keep them and this comes with higher costs due to rewards for the record keepers. King’ong’o PCEA Parish is one of the victims of the above mentioned jobs which the proposed system wishes to supply a redress for. Scope The ensuing Integrated Parish Management Solution will be in English and will include subsystems and functionality to back up the followers: FINANCIAL MODULE The Financial Module comes with the right tools to help in the church in direction of the followers: Contributions and Contributions Offerings and tithes Cash Expense and lots Donations direction is a cardinal country in this faculty as single contributions by members and linked to the major contributions which help to reply inquiries like ( How much has being released from a peculiar contribution proclamation ) The offering direction allows the church to enter any sort of offering type. therefore non curtailing you to any signifier of predefined construction. GROUPS AND DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT MODULE Grouping system encourages the engagement of members in the church. church+ takes particular attention in the execution of grouping. the system comes with a flexible system for any signifier of group to be created by the users and members added to groups. Members of a given group can be managed from this faculty. CHURCH ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT MODULE Activities in the church provide a edifice block to about all the other parts of the church and as such should be good structured and informations emerging from it efficaciously managed. The church activity faculty provides you with the tools to enable you to pull off the assorted diverse informations about church activities. it is built in such a manner as to be flexible to suit different needed of different churches. MEMBERSHIP MANAGEMENT MODULE This faculty helps to pull off the assorted information of member of the church. This characteristic is so flexible and you can work on it harmonizing to your specific demands and demand. Under this faculty. we have all the personal informations of each member. You can seek for: People Add new Member/First-Timer. When you add new member. all the informations about that peculiar member is captured View Members by Types: it helps to screen members by types e. g. are they full member? Worker? Minister? Etc. New converts: all new converts are captured here. Security Integrated parish Management Solution will be good incorporate. intending that alterations in a faculty would automatically update another related faculty. High degree hallmark will be needed to log into the Integrated Parish Management Solution. Passwords are encrypted. such that it is practically impossible to derive entree to someone’s watchword. Role Management is besides implemented doing your church users have different entree degrees. hence doing users see merely what they are supposed to see . BACK-UPS The importance of making a backup can neer be emphasized plenty. The parish’s IT section will be responsible for implementing modus operandis for regular backup of organization’s informations. In the event of a possible system clang. it will be clip -consuming and hard to retrace the database. For frequent plan usage I therefore recommend that backups are taken daily. Storing backups Backups can be taken to the hard-drive. a shared booklet in the web or to external media such as USB pen thrusts. Zip drives or similar. I recommend that you store at least one complete backup offprint from the computing machine in instance of catastrophe. Provision for external difficult thrust storage has been integrated in the financials. Justification A package solution for the named job would be really appropriate compared to the bing system. The undermentioned grounds justify the demand for the package solution: ?The tyre associated with doing records manually and keeping them would be alleviated. The Integrated Parish Management Solution would offer a batch of easiness in entering any inside informations of involvement. The package would offer an first-class interface to interact with the Parish database ( come ining new inside informations and updating bing inside informations to guarantee unity ) . As a consequence of the easiness of entering and updating informations. the job of tyre associated with informations care would be eradicated by the proposed Integrated Parish Management solution. ?Parish forces cost would travel down every bit a consequence of execution of the Proposed Integrated Parish Management Software. With the old system. a batch of forces is required to maintain and keep Parish records which culminates in higher Parish running costs. The Proposed system would name for decreased forces due to the ensuing easiness in maintaining and keep Parish records and accordingly. the running costs of the parish would significantly cut down. ?Accurate and dependable fiscal records would be kept utilizing the proposed system through the fiscal faculty which would supply security to fiscal inside informations and merely let entree merely by authorised persons. This would advance some degree of transparence and answerability in the handling of Parish fundss compared to the bing manual system which can be easy tampered with. For case. with the manual system paperss reflecting fiscal inside informations of the Parish can be distorted by H2O or plagues. Malicious persons can take advantage of such a state of affairs to perpetrate fraud. ?With the proposed system. departmental direction is easy. All Parish sections and the activities that revolve around the sections are good recorded and updated consequently. Groups in the Parish are every bit good better managed through the propose Integrated Parish Management solution. This is unlike the old system where a director or Parish caput has to physically interact with departmental caputs to acquire the needed information. The proposed solution offers a redress for the mentioned departmental and group-related issues. ?Reports. which are of premier importance in every bit far as running of any organisation is concerned. are automatically generated by the Proposed Integrated Parish direction Software. For case. fiscal minutess by the Parish harmonizing to the several day of the months. Parish activities harmonizing to the day of the month of happening etc. can be automatically generated with the proposed Solution. This eradicates the weariness associated with traveling for long times through paperss and files seeking to roll up a study that would otherwise be generated within a wink of an oculus with the proposed system. ?Keeping path of members of the Parish would reasonably easy with the proposed system. Records of old and new members would maintain and do easy to recover. New converts would besides be portion of the informations that would be maintained and made easy to entree and modify in instance of sezession of a member from the church. This manner. the Parish would pull off its members better than utilizing the manual registry system. Literature reappraisal Time agenda All the constituents and work bundles of this undertaking will take three hebdomads to carry through. Following the blessing of this proposal. the tabular array below summarizes the different stages and timelines of the assorted facets of the undertaking to be executed within clip and on budget: – Methodology

Definition of Compassion Essays - Emotions, Giving, Compassion

Definition of Compassion Essays - Emotions, Giving, Compassion Definition of Compassion The author Barbara Lazear Ascher breaks down the definition of compassion whether if its something that a person will exhibit when confronted by dangerous situation. For example, when a beggar walks into a bakery or a food store, the store owner immediately gives that beggar some food because she fears that man may ruin the stores image or may scare customers away. She questions in present day, this scene gets replicated in so many different parts of the country. It makes us ask: Is this compassion or fear? The answer according to the author is fear. People are difficult to show compassion spontaneously. Some of them do have genuine compassion, but by and large, no compassion. Ascher begins her passage by describing a scene that most readers can relate to: the womans interaction with the homeless man on the street. Generally there are some senses of fear when in the presence of a man who know nothing about, and cannot expect anything from him at any given moment. This man stares at the children; then the mother instinctively protects her child, he stops before a blond baby in an Aprica stroller. The babys mother waits for the light to change and her hands close tighter on the strollers handle as she sees the man approach. With these words, we find the author conveying a sense of fear through revealing her actions. Whereas the child also instinctively shows his fear by his action, The baby, weary of the unwavering stare, pulls its blanket over its head. The author shows that a child has no inhibitions and is not afraid to show his fear, whereas the mother masks this fear through compassion. His eyes fix on the baby She finds what shes looking for and passes a folded dollar over her childs head to the man who stand and stares. Yet we find that the man is unaware to the nature of this reaction. His hands continue at his sides. He does not know his part. He does not know that the acceptance of the gift and gratitude are what makes this transaction complete. Therefore she continues on her way, Bearing the dollar like a cross. When people find someone bearing a cross generally, or making reference to God, its a sign of desperation or some form of protection. Thus it can be implied that the woman bears the dollar as a manner to protect herself. Now the man has not take that dollar; it could be said that this dollar symbolizes the idea of falsity that generally one may bear the cross, but may not believe in it; just as she may give money, but it is not compassionate. Another example that Ascher offers to dissect the fear of people is a man walking into a coffee shop. The owner of the shop, a moody French woman, emerges from the kitchen with steaming coffee in a Styroloam cup, and a small paper bag of of what? The man grabs his things and is off. The owner of the coffee shop is described as moody that bringing the question of kindness to light. The reason that owner does this is she is afraid of the homeless. As he stands, the scent of stale cigarettes and urine fills the small, overheated room. The man makes the atmosphere of the cafe become badly as he walking inside. She thinks he may ruin her stores image or may scare customers away, and its not good for her business. In my opinion, Aschers describing of these men causes a strong influence on me. The homeless man originally walks in silently. If he barges into the cafe and demands or asks for food, I will think of him as rude and lazy, and the owner kicks him out will be accepted. And Ascher d oes the same to the bagger. If the bagger is white, race will not be an issue. It will be clearer that the woman offer money in pity rather than fear. Also, if the man dashes for the money, I will not receive the image that he is kind and gentle, but that he is aggressive and can cause harm. Ascher describes these men as